Race and Ethnicity

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Race and Ethnicity See also: Criminal justice | Immigration | Politics | Sports | Supreme Court

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Suffolk University/USA Today Poll. June 12-15, 2022. N=1,000 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"Some legal scholars say a Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade would open the door to overturning other decisions that recognized personal rights. Would you support or oppose a Supreme Court decision that overturned the right of interracial couples to marry?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/12-15/22	10	85	5

Quinnipiac University Poll. April 8-12, 2021. N=1,237 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.8.

"Do you approve or disapprove of the way the police in the United States are doing their job?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	ALL	55	34	11
	Republicans	86	8	6
	Democrats	31	56	14
	Independents	61	30	9
	Whites	65	27	8
	Blacks	28	63	9
	Hispanics	46	40	14

"Do you think the police in the United States are generally tougher on white people than on Black people, tougher on Black people than on white people, or do the police treat them both the same?"

		Tougher on white people	Tougher on Black people	Treat both the same	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	1	50	41	7
	Republicans	1	19	73	7
	Democrats	1	86	9	4
	Independents	2	43	46	8
	Whites	2	46	46	6
	Blacks	-	79	10	11
	Hispanics	-	55	42	3

CNN Poll conducted by SSRS. Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 2020. N=1,106 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.8.

"We'd like to get your overall opinion of some people in the news. As I read each name, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of these people - or if you have never heard of them. ... The Black Lives Matter movement."

		Favorable	Unfavorable	Never heard of	No opinion
		%	%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	51	38	4	7

"How big a problem is racism in our society today? Is it a big problem, somewhat of a problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all?"

		A big problem	Somewhat of a problem	A small problem	Not a problem	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	55	29	9	6	1
	White, non-Hispanic	51	33	10	5	1
	Black, non-Hispanic	78	13	4	4	-

	6/2-5/20	67	22	6	5	1
	White, non-Hispanic	60	27	7	4	1
	Black, non-Hispanic	88	9	2	1	0

"Thinking about the protests that have occurred recently after incidents where African Americans have been harmed or killed by police: "In general, do you think the peaceful protests that have occurred in response to those situations have been justified or unjustified?"

		Justified	Unjustified	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	72	24	5
	White, non-Hispanic	74	21	5
	Black, non-Hispanic	79	21	-

	6/2-5/20	84	12	4
	White, non-Hispanic	88	9	3
	Black, non-Hispanic	80	17	3

"In general, do you think the violent protests that have occurred in response to those situations have been justified or unjustified?"

		Justified	Unjustified	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	24	71	5
	White, non-Hispanic	24	72	4
	Black, non-Hispanic	37	57	6

	6/2-5/20	27	69	4
	White, non-Hispanic	23	73	4
	Black, non-Hispanic	39	58	3

"Do you support or oppose federal government intervention in cities where protests over police brutality have turned violent?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	48	47	4

"Do you think Donald Trump's response to recent protests has been more helpful or more harmful?" Options rotated

		More helpful	More harmful	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	33	58	9
	6/2-5/20	26	65	9

"How likely do you think it is that there will be real changes in the way Blacks and other racial and ethnic minorities are treated in American society because of the protests that have happened this summer: very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely, or not at all likely?"

		Very likely	Somewhat likely	Not too likely	Not at all likely	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/28 - 9/1/20	14	47	22	15	3

New York Times/Siena College Poll. June 17-22, 2020. N=1,337 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"I'm going to read a few names of people or groups in public life and I'd like you to tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable impression of each. ... The Black Lives Matter movement."

		Very favorable	Somewhat favorable	Somewhat unfavorable	Very unfavorable	Don't know/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/17-22/20	44	22	11	14	9

Quinnipiac University Poll. June 11-15, 2020. N=1,332 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.7.

"Do you support or oppose the protests held around the country responding to the death of George Floyd at the hands of police?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	6/11-15/20	67	28	5

"Do you think that discrimination against black people in the United States today is a serious problem, or don't you think so?"

		Think it is a serious problem	Don't think so	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	6/11-15/20	68	27	5

"Do you think the protests around the country calling to end racial inequality in the United States will lead to meaningful reforms, or don't you think so?"

		Think they will	Don't think so	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	6/11-15/20	55	38	7

"Do you support or oppose removing Confederate statues from public spaces around the country?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	6/11-15/20	52	44	5
	8/17-22/17	39	50	10

"Do you support or oppose renaming military bases that were named after Confederate generals?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	6/11-15/20	47	47	5

"Is your opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement favorable, unfavorable, or haven't you heard enough about it?"

		Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven't heard enough	Refused
		%	%	%	%
	6/11-15/20	57	30	10	4

Washington Post-Schar School Poll. June 2-7, 2020. N=1,006 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"As you may have heard, a black man named George Floyd was killed in police custody in Minnesota after three white police officers kneeled on his neck and body. Four officers were fired and have been charged in Floyd's death, including one who was charged with murder. ..." [Interviews conducted June 2 ended with: "Four officers were fired and one was charged with third-degree murder and manslaughter."] "Do you think the killing of George Floyd was an isolated incident or a sign of broader problems in treatment of black Americans by police?" Options rotated

		Isolated incident	Broader problems	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	29	69	2

"Do you support or oppose protests following Floyd's killing that have taken place in cities across the country?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	74	25	1

"Do you think protests have been mostly peaceful or mostly violent?" Options rotated

		Mostly peaceful	Mostly violent	Both equally (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	43	43	13	1

"When violence has occurred, who do you think is most to blame: police, protesters, or other people acting irresponsibly?"

		Police	Protesters	Other people	Mix (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	14	10	66	9	1

"Do you think police are using too much force when dealing with protesters in cities across the country, are not using enough force, or are they handling this about right?"

		Too much	Not enough	About right	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	45	15	38	3

"Do you think police are using too much force when dealing with peaceful protesters, are not using enough force, or are they handling this about right?"

		Too much	Not enough	About right	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	44	4	50	2

"Do you think police are using too much force when dealing with people vandalizing or looting businesses, are not using enough force, or are they handling this about right?"

		Too much	Not enough	About right	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	16	47	34	3

"Which comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right? Police in America have made the changes needed to treat blacks equally to whites. OR, Police in America need to continue making changes to treat blacks equally to whites." Options rotated

		Have made changes needed	Need to continue making changes	Both (vol.)	Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/2-7/20	13	81	3	1	2

CNN Poll conducted by SSRS. June 2-5, 2020. N=1,259 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.4.

"In general, do you think that the country's criminal justice system treats whites and blacks equally, or does it favor whites over blacks?"

		Treats equally	Favors whites	Favors blacks (vol.)	Depends (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	24	67	1	3	5
	White, non-Hispanic	29	63	1	2	6
	Black, non-Hispanic	6	88	1	2	3

CBS News Poll. May 29-June 2, 2020. N=1,309 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"Do you think race relations in the United States are generally good or generally bad?"

		Generally good	Generally bad	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	35	61	4
	7/8-12/16	26	69	5
	12/6-9/14	45	43	13
	8/19-20/14	47	44	10
	4/30 - 5/1/14	55	33	12
	3/26-30/14	59	34	7
	8/7-11/13	57	32	11

"Do you think race relations in the United States are getting better, getting worse, or staying about the same?"

		Getting better	Getting worse	Staying the same	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	17	42	39	2
	7/8-12/16	9	59	30	1
	12/6-9/14	22	36	40	2

"In general, who do you think has a better chance of getting ahead in today's society: white people, black people, or do white people and black people have about an equal chance of getting ahead?"

		White people	Black people	About equal	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	52	3	42	3
	6/18-22/14	30	5	61	4
	3/26-30/14	34	5	59	3
	8/7-11/13	32	6	56	6

"Some people say that since the 1960s there has been a lot of real progress in getting rid of racial discrimination against blacks. Others say that there hasn't been much real progress for blacks over that time. Which do you agree with more? Would you say there's been a lot of real progress getting rid of racial discrimination, or hasn't there been much real progress?"

		A lot of real progress	Hasn't been much real progress	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	56	41	3
	6/18-22/14	78	19	2
	3/26-30/14	79	20	2
	8/7-11/13	73	20	7

"How much discrimination do you think there is against each of these groups in society today: a lot, some, only a little, or none at all? ..."

		A lot	Some	Only a little	None at all (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	"African Americans"
	5/29 - 6/2/20	50	31	12	5	1

	"Whites"
	5/29 - 6/2/20	9	25	27	38	1

	"Hispanics"
	5/29 - 6/2/20	36	39	18	7	1

"In general, do you think the police in most communities are more likely to use deadly force against a black person, more likely to use it against a white person, or don't you think race affects police use of deadly force?"

		More likely against a black person	More likely against a white person	Race doesn't affect use of force	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	57	3	36	5
	7/8-12/16	43	1	49	7
	12/6-9/14	40	2	51	7
	8/19-20/14	37	1	50	11

"How much have you heard or read about the events in Minneapolis where George Floyd died after being taken into police custody and the protests that followed: a lot, some, or not much?"

		A lot	Some	Not much	Nothing at all (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	70	21	8	1	1

"From what you know, do you think the use of force by Minneapolis police officers when detaining George Floyd was justified, or not justified, or don't you know enough to say?"

		Justified	Not justified	Don't know enough	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/2/20	2	81	16	1

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). May 29-June 2, 2020. N=745 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.6.

"As you may know, an African American man died in Minneapolis after a police officer pinned the man to the ground and put his knee on his throat for about eight minutes. There have now been a number of protests, some of which have turned violent. Although both may be of concern to you, which one concerns you more: the actions of the police and the death of an African American man, or protests that have turned violent?" Options rotated

		Actions of police, death	Protests that turned violent	Both (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	59	27	13	1
	Whites	54	30	15	1
	Blacks	78	15	6	1
	Hispanics	65	27	6	2

Monmouth University Poll. May 29-June 1, 2020. N=759 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.6.

"Do you think that racial and ethnic discrimination in the United States is a problem or not a problem?" If a problem: "Is it a big problem or a small problem?"

		A big problem	A small problem	A problem/ Not sure if big or small	Not a problem
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/1/20	76	12	4	7

"Have race relations in the United States become better or worse since Donald Trump became president, or has there been no change?"

		Better	Worse	No change	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/1/20	10	53	33	4

"When faced with a difficult or dangerous situation, are police officers more likely to use excessive force if the culprit is black, or are they just as likely to use excessive force against black and white culprits given the same type of situation?"

		More likely	Just as likely	Police do not use excessive force (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/1/20	57	33	1	9

"Have you heard about the protests across the country, including the burning of a police precinct in Minneapolis, in reaction to a recent incident where a black man died when a police officer kneeled on his neck, or have you not heard about this?"

		Have heard	Have not heard
		%	%
	5/29 - 6/1/20	97	3

If have heard about the protests: "Given what happened, do you think the actions of the protestors were fully justified, partially justified, or not at all justified?" Results based on total sample

		Fully justified	Partially justified	Not at all justified	Depends (vol.)/Unsure	Not aware of protests
		%	%	%	%	%
	5/29 - 6/1/20	17	37	38	5	3

If have heard about the protests: "Regardless of the actual actions taken, do you think the anger that led to these protests was fully justified, partially justified, or not at all justified?" Results based on total sample

		Fully justified	Partially justified	Not at all justified	Depends (vol.)	Not aware of protests
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	57	21	18	1	3
	Republicans	37	20	40	1	1
	Independents	60	25	11	0	3
	Democrats	71	18	8	0	4

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). Aug. 10-14, 2019. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"Since Donald Trump has been president, do you believe that race relations in the country have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?"

		Gotten better	Gotten worse	Stayed the same	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	10	56	33	1
	Whites	11	47	41	1
	Blacks	5	86	9	-
	Hispanics	7	74	19	-

"How worried are you that the United States will experience another mass shooting or attack by white nationalists, targeting people based on their color or country of origin: very worried, fairly worried, only slightly worried, or not really worried at all?"

		Very worried	Fairly worried	Only slightly worried	Not really worried at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/10-14/19	55	13	15	15	2

NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll. July 15-17, 2019. N=1,346 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"Do you think providing reparations for slavery is a good idea or a bad idea?"

		A good idea	A bad idea	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/15-17/19	27	62	11

Quinnipiac University Poll. March 21-25, 2019. N=1,358 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.3.

"Do you think that white supremacist groups pose a threat to the United States, or not?"

		Think they do	Do not	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	3/21-25/19	65	29	6
	11/14-19/18	61	36	4
	8/17-22/17	64	34	2

Quinnipiac University. Jan. 19-23, 2018. N=1,245 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.3.

"How serious a problem do you think that prejudice against minority groups is in the United States today: a very serious problem, a somewhat serious problem, a not so serious problem, or not a problem at all?"

		Very serious	Somewhat serious	Not so serious	Not a problem	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	1/19-23/18	48	33	11	6	2
	1/5-9/17	47	32	13	6	3

Quinnipiac University. Aug. 17-22, 2017. N=1,514 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"As you may know, there were two major groups involved in the situation in Charlottesville, the white supremacist protesters, and the people who were there to protest against them, known as the counter-protesters. Who do you believe is more to blame for the violence in Charlottesville: the white supremacist protesters or the counter-protesters?"

		White supremacists	Counter- protesters	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	8/17-22/17	63	16	21

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Aug. 16-20, 2017. N=1,014 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"As far as you know, do you think the alt-right does or does not hold neo-Nazi or white supremacist views?"

		Does	Does not	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/16-20/17	39	21	39

"Do you yourself think it's acceptable or unacceptable to hold neo-Nazi or white supremacist views?"

		Acceptable	Unacceptable	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/16-20/17	9	83	8

NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll. Aug. 14-15, 2017. N=1,125 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.9.

"What is your opinion with regard to race relations in the United States today? Would you say things are better, about the same, or are worse than they were a year ago?"

		Better	About the same	Worse	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	8/14-15/17	9	33	52	6

"Do you think statues honoring leaders of the Confederacy should remain as a historical symbol, or be removed because they are offensive to some people?"

		Remain	Be removed	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/14-15/17	62	27	11

"From what you have heard or seen about each of the following, do you mostly agree or mostly disagree with their beliefs? ..."

		Mostly agree	Mostly disagree	No opinion either way (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%

	"The white supremacy movement"
	8/14-15/17	4	86	4	6

	"White nationalists"
	8/14-15/17	4	73	7	15

	"Black Lives Matter"
	8/14-15/17	50	33	7	9

	"Ku Klux Klan"
	8/14-15/17	2	94	2	2

Quinnipiac University. Jan. 5-9, 2017. N=899 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.3.

"How serious a problem do you think that prejudice against minority groups is in the United States today: a very serious problem, a somewhat serious problem, a not so serious problem, or not a problem at all?"

		Very serious	Somewhat serious	Not so serious	Not a problem	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	47	32	13	6	3
	Republicans	27	39	24	9	1
	Democrats	70	23	1	4	1
	Independents	45	35	15	4	1

"Now that Donald Trump has been elected president, are you more concerned about discrimination and violence against minorities, less concerned, or concerned about the same amount?"

		More concerned	Less concerned	About the same	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	48	15	35	2
	Republicans	12	35	52	1
	Democrats	83	1	15	1
	Independents	49	11	37	3

CNN/ORC Poll. Sept. 28-Oct. 2, 2016. N=1,501 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.5.

"We'd like to get your overall opinion of some people in the news. As I read each name, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of these people -- or if you have never heard of them. The Black Lives Matter movement."

		Favorable	Unfavorable	Never heard of	No opinion/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	9/28 - 10/2/16	44	40	5	11

	8/13-16/15	37	30	24	9
	Democrats	59	12	22	6
	Independents	34	33	24	9
	Republicans	20	46	25	10

CBS News/New York Times Poll. July 8-12, 2016. N=1,600 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3. For 12/14 survey (per CBS News): "Additional interviews were conducted with African Americans, who had previously completed a survey as part of a random sample, to yield a sample size of 287 African Americans. 698 whites were interviewed. The combined African American and non-African American samples were weighted separately to match their groups population characteristics such as gender, age, education, region, marital status and phone use based on recent U.S. Census estimates. The samples were then combined and weighted to the total U.S. adult population."

"Do you think race relations in the United States are generally good or generally bad?"

		Generally good	Generally bad	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	7/8-12/16	26	69	5
	Whites	25	71	4
	Blacks	24	72	3

	12/6-9/14	45	43	13
	Whites	47	42	11
	Blacks	34	54	12

	8/19-20/14	47	44	10
	Whites	49	41	10
	Blacks	44	48	9

	4/30 - 5/1/14	55	33	12
	Whites	60	27	13
	Blacks	46	46	8

	3/26-30/14	59	34	7
	Whites	60	33	8
	Blacks	55	40	5

	8/7-11/13	57	32	11
	Whites	58	31	10
	Blacks	46	41	13

"Do you think race relations in the United States are getting better, getting worse or staying about the same?"

		Getting better	Getting worse	Staying the same	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	7/8-12/16	9	59	30	1
	Whites	9	62	28	1
	Blacks	11	53	36	-

	12/6-9/14	22	36	40	2
	Whites	22	36	40	2
	Blacks	11	46	41	2

"How would you describe your feelings about the police in your community? Would you say they make you feel mostly safe or mostly anxious?" Options rotated

		Mostly safe	Mostly anxious	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	7/8-12/16	80	18	2
	Whites	85	14	2
	Blacks	53	45	2

"In general, do you think the police in most communities are more likely to use deadly force against a black person, or more likely to use it against a white person, or don't you think race affects police use of deadly force?"

		Against a black person	Against a white person	Race doesn't affect use	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	7/8-12/16	43	1	49	7
	Whites	36	1	56	6
	Blacks	75	1	18	7

	12/6-9/14	40	2	51	7
	Whites	33	2	57	8
	Blacks	84	-	10	6

	8/19-20/14	37	1	50	11
	Whites	31	1	58	10
	Blacks	71	-	20	9

"How would you rate the job your local police are doing in your community: excellent, good, fair, or poor?"

		Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	7/8-12/16	38	37	17	7	1
	Whites	45	36	15	3	1
	Blacks	13	30	34	23	1

"From what you have heard or seen about Black Lives Matter, do you mostly agree or mostly disagree with Black Lives Matter, or don't you have an opinion either way?"

		Mostly agree	Mostly disagree	No opinion	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	7/8-12/16	41	25	29	4
	Whites	37	31	28	4
	Blacks	70	7	22	2

CBS News/New York Times Poll. July 14-19, 2015. N=1,205 adults nationwide (margin of error ą 3), including 751 whites (ą 4), and, with an oversample, 312 blacks (ą 8).

"Do you, yourself, see the Confederate flag more as a symbol of Southern pride or more as a symbol of racism?" Options rotated

		Southern pride	Racism	Both equally (vol.)	Neither (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	51	35	3	5	6
	Whites	57	30	2	5	6
	Blacks	21	68	4	2	4

"As you may know, South Carolina has removed the Confederate flag from the grounds of the State Capitol. Do you approve or disapprove of this decision?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	ALL	55	35	10
	Whites	52	39	10
	Blacks	81	12	7

CNN/ORC Poll. June 26-28, 2015. N=1,017 adults nationwide (margin of error ą 3), including, with an oversample, 303 blacks (ą 5.5).

"Do you, yourself, see the Confederate flag more as a symbol of Southern pride or more as a symbol of racism?"

		Southern pride	Racism	Both equally (vol.)	Neither (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	57	33	5	5	1
	Whites	66	25	3	6	1
	Blacks	17	72	7	4	1
	Democrats	34	58	4	3	-
	Independents	60	27	6	6	1
	Republicans	77	14	1	8	-

CNN/ORC Poll. Feb. 12-15, 2015. N=1,027 adults nationwide (margin of error ą 3), including 733 non-Hispanic whites (ą 3.5), and, with an oversample, 309 blacks (ą 5.5).

"Do you think relations between blacks and whites in the U.S. have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed the same since Barack Obama became president?"

		Gotten better	Gotten worse	Stayed the same	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	2/12-15/15	15	39	45	1
	Whites	11	45	44	-
	Blacks	25	26	47	2

	5/16-18/09	32	6	59	2
	Whites	30	6	61	3
	Blacks	37	2	60	1

"In general, do you think that the country's criminal justice system treats whites and blacks equally, or does it favor whites over blacks?"

		Treats equally	Favors whites	Favors blacks (vol.)	Depends (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	2/12-15/15	42	50	4	2	2
	Whites	49	42	6	1	2
	Blacks	19	76	-	3	2

	12/18-21/14	41	51	1	6	1
	Whites	50	42	1	5	2
	Non-whites	21	69	1	8	-
	Democrats	19	76	1	3	1
	Independents	42	47	2	8	1
	Republicans	65	28	1	4	2

"As you may know, the Voting Rights Act was passed in the 1960s to prevent state and local governments from using rules and procedures which prevented many blacks from voting. Do you think the Voting Rights Act is necessary today to make sure that blacks are allowed to vote, or do you think the Voting Rights Act is no longer necessary?"

		Is necessary	No longer necessary	Unsure
		%	%	%
	2/12-15/15	51	47	1
	Whites	48	50	2
	Blacks	76	23	-
	Democrats	62	38	-
	Independents	52	47	1
	Republicans	37	61	2

	6/11-13/13	48	50	2
	1/12-15/09	52	47	1

"In general, do you think blacks have as good a chance as white people in your community to get any kind of job for which they are qualified, or don't you think they have as good a chance?"

		As good a chance	Not as good a chance	Unsure
		%	%	%
	2/12-15/15	72	28	1
	Whites	81	19	1
	Blacks	45	54	1

	12/16-20/09	72	26	2
	Whites	76	22	2
	Blacks	45	54	1

CNN/ORC Poll. Dec. 18-21, 2014. N=1,011 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"Do you think that relations between blacks and whites will always be a problem for the United States, or that a solution will eventually be worked out?"

		Always be a problem	Eventually worked out	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	46	52	2
	Whites	46	53	2
	Non-whites	48	50	3

	7/16-21/10	48	51	1
	5/16-18/09	43	54	3
	1/12-15/09	45	55	1
	11/6-9/08	43	56	1
	3/26 - 4/2/08	42	56	2
	1/14-17/08	44	55	1

"In general, how many police officers in the area where you live do you feel are prejudiced against blacks: most of them, some of them, only a few of them, or almost none of them?"

		ALL	Whites	Non-whites
		%	%	%
	12/18-21/14:
	Most	10	5	22
	Some	15	12	20
	Only a few	22	21	26
	Almost none	40	48	21
	All (vol.)	1	1	2
	None (vol.)	8	9	4
	Unsure	4	4	5

	11/21-23/14:
	Most	8	7	10
	Some	16	12	23
	Only a few	24	22	29
	Almost none	37	40	32
	All (vol.)	-	-	1
	None (vol.)	8	10	3
	Unsure	6	7	2

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Dec. 11-14, 2014. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5. Note: An additional 12 interviews with blacks conducted Dec. 15, 2014.

"Do you think blacks and other minorities receive equal treatment as whites in the criminal justice system or not?"

		Receive equal treatment	Do not receive equal treatment	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	43	54	4
	Whites	52	44	4
	Blacks	10	89	1
	Hispanics	35	60	5

"How confident are you that the police in this country treat whites and blacks equally: very confident, somewhat confident, not so confident or not confident at all?"

		Very confident	Somewhat confident	Not so confident	Not confident at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	21	32	22	24	2
	Whites	26	37	19	17	1
	Blacks	3	18	20	57	1
	Hispanics	15	25	29	29	3

"How confident are you that the police in this country try hard enough to maintain good relations with different groups in the community: very confident, somewhat confident, not so confident or not confident at all?"

		Very confident	Somewhat confident	Not so confident	Not confident at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	25	41	19	14	1
	Whites	31	43	15	10	1
	Blacks	4	32	38	26	1
	Hispanics	21	37	18	21	3

"How confident are you that the police in this country are adequately trained to avoid the use of excessive force: very confident, somewhat confident, not so confident or not confident at all?"

		Very confident	Somewhat confident	Not so confident	Not confident at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	20	34	23	21	2
	Whites	23	39	20	16	2
	Blacks	4	25	30	41	0
	Hispanics	22	22	25	27	4

"How confident are you that the police in this country are held accountable for any misconduct: very confident, somewhat confident, not so confident or not confident at all?"

		Very confident	Somewhat confident	Not so confident	Not confident at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	19	33	22	24	2
	Whites	23	37	21	17	2
	Blacks	5	20	17	57	0
	Hispanics	20	15	33	28	3

"As you may know, a grand jury has decided not to bring criminal charges against a white police officer in New York City over the choking death of an unarmed black man last summer. Do you approve or disapprove of the grand jury's decision not to charge the police officer?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	31	57	12
	Whites	38	49	14
	Blacks	6	91	3
	Hispanics	25	60	15

"Do you think the recent killings of unarmed African American men by police in Ferguson, Missouri, and New York City are isolated incidents, or a sign of broader problems in treatment of African Americans by police?" Options rotated

		Isolated incidents	Broader problems	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	51	43	6
	Whites	60	35	5
	Blacks	18	74	8
	Hispanics	45	51	4

CBS News Poll. Dec. 6-9, 2014. N=1,122 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 4. Per CBS News: "Additional interviews were conducted with African Americans, who had previously completed a survey as part of a random sample, to yield a sample size of 287 African Americans. 698 whites were interviewed. The combined African American and non-African American samples were weighted separately to match their groups population characteristics such as gender, age, education, region, marital status and phone use based on recent U.S. Census estimates. The samples were then combined and weighted to the total U.S. adult population."

"Do you think race relations in YOUR COMMUNITY are generally good or generally bad?"

		Good	Bad	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	12/6-9/14	78	17	5
	Whites	80	14	6
	Blacks	66	28	5

	8/19-20/14	78	18	4
	Whites	82	15	3
	Blacks	73	23	4

	3/26-30/14	78	18	3
	Whites	81	16	3
	Blacks	70	26	4

	8/7-11/13	79	15	5
	Whites	80	14	5
	Blacks	78	18	4

"In general, do you think police officers stop people of certain racial or ethnic groups because they believe that these groups are more likely than others to commit certain types of crimes, or don't you think this happens?"

		Stop certain people	Don't think this happens	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	12/6-9/14	65	28	7
	Whites	61	33	6
	Blacks	88	8	4

"Was there ever a specific instance when you felt discriminated against by the police because of your race or ethnic background?"

		Yes	No	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	12/6-9/14	18	81	-
	Whites	10	90	-
	Blacks	54	46	-

	8/19-20/14	16	83	1
	Whites	7	93	1
	Blacks	45	55	-

	7/24-28/09	18	82	0

"Do you think the racial makeup of a community's police department should be similar to the racial makeup of that community as a whole, or don't you think that's necessary?"

		Should be similar	Not necessary	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	12/6-9/14	51	44	5
	Whites	48	46	5
	Blacks	63	34	3

	8/19-20/14	46	50	4
	Whites	46	50	4
	Blacks	56	41	3

"How much have you heard or read about a grand jury's decision not to indict police officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri: a lot, some or not much?"

		A lot	Some	Not much	Nothing at all (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	62	20	16	2	1
	Whites	61	20	16	2	1
	Blacks	72	17	10	1	-

"From what you know, do you think the shooting of Michael Brown by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson was justified, or not justified, or don't you know enough to say?" Aug. 2014: "From what you know, do you think the shooting of Michael Brown by police in Ferguson was justified, or not justified, or don't you know enough to say?"

		Justified	Not justified	Don't know enough	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	12/6-9/14	36	25	36	2
	Whites	43	20	35	2
	Blacks	6	64	29	-

	8/19-20/14	9	25	64	2
	Whites	12	18	68	2
	Blacks	2	57	39	2

"How do you feel about a grand jury's decision to not indict Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Michael Brown -- are you pleased, satisfied but not pleased, disappointed but not angry, or angry?"

		Pleased	Satisfied	Disappointed	Angry	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	19	26	28	13	14
	Whites	22	29	22	11	15
	Blacks	4	9	55	27	5

"Do you think race was a major factor, a minor factor or not a factor in the death of Michael Brown?"

		Major factor	Minor factor	Not a factor	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	29	20	41	10
	Whites	22	20	48	10
	Blacks	75	13	9	3

"How much have you heard or read about a grand jury's decision not to indict police officer Daniel Pantaleo in the death of Eric Garner in Staten island, New York: a lot, some or not much?"

		A lot	Some	Not much	Nothing at all (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	39	26	29	4	2
	Whites	37	28	28	4	2
	Blacks	57	21	20	2	1

"From what you know, do you think the use of force by New York City police officers in the arrest of Eric Garner was justified, or not justified, or don't you know enough to say?"

		Justified	Not justified	Don't know enough	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	12/6-9/14	12	41	45	2
	Whites	14	38	46	1
	Blacks	3	68	29	1

"How do you feel about a grand jury's decision to not indict New York City police officer Daniel Pantaleo in the death of Eric Garner -- are you pleased, satisfied but not pleased, disappointed but not angry, or angry?"

		Pleased	Satisfied	Disappointed	Angry	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	7	17	35	19	23
	Whites	8	19	32	17	23
	Blacks	1	8	51	36	5

"Do you think race was a major factor, a minor factor or not a factor in the death of Eric Garner?"

		Major factor	Minor factor	Not a factor	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	29	16	36	19
	Whites	23	15	41	21
	Blacks	66	17	13	4

Pew Research Center/USA Today. Dec. 3-7, 2014. N=1,507 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.9.

"How much, if anything, have you read or heard about the decision by a grand jury not to charge Officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Ferguson, Missouri, teen Michael Brown? Have you heard a lot, a little, or nothing at all?"

		A lot	A little	Nothing at all
		%	%	%
	12/3-7/14	75	19	6

"All things considered, do you think the grand jury made the right decision or the wrong decision not to charge Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown?"

		Right decision	Wrong decision	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	ALL	50	37	13
	Whites	64	23	13
	Blacks	10	80	10

"Do you think that race was a major factor, a minor factor or not a factor at all in the decision not to charge Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown?"

		Major factor	Minor factor	Not a factor	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	27	16	48	9
	Whites	16	17	60	7
	Blacks	64	17	9	10

"How much, if anything, have you read or heard about the decision by a grand jury not to charge a police officer in the choking death of New York City man Eric Garner? Have you heard a lot, a little, or nothing at all?" Asked Dec. 4-7, 2014, N=1,114.

		A lot	A little	Nothing at all	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	12/4-7/14	52	33	15	1

"All things considered, do you think the grand jury made the right decision or the wrong decision not to charge a police officer in the death of Eric Garner?" Asked Dec. 4-7, 2014, N=1,114.

		Right decision	Wrong decision	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	ALL	22	57	20
	Whites	28	47	25
	Blacks	2	90	8

"Do you think that race was a major factor, a minor factor or not a factor at all in the decision not to charge a police officer in the death of Eric Garner?" Asked Dec. 4-7, 2014, N=1,114.

		Major factor	Minor factor	Not a factor	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	28	16	39	17
	Whites	18	16	48	18
	Blacks	62	18	11	9

"Over the course of the next year, do you think relations between local police forces and minorities in communities around the country will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?"

		Get better	Get worse	Stay about the same	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	21	35	42	2
	Whites	21	34	43	1
	Blacks	16	52	31	1
	Hispanics	27	23	48	3

NBC News/Marist Poll. Dec. 4-5, 2014. N=1,018 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"How much confidence do you have in police officers in your community to treat blacks and whites equally: a great deal, a fair amount, just some, or very little confidence?"

		A great deal	A fair amount	Just some	Very little	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	44	25	11	16	4
	Whites	52	26	9	10	3
	Blacks	12	21	20	43	5
	Latinos	29	28	18	20	6

"Have you heard a lot, quite a bit, some, or nothing at all about the recent grand jury decisions in Ferguson, Missouri, and Staten Island, New York, not to indict police officers in the killing of unarmed men?"

		A lot	Quite a bit	Some	Nothing at all
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	62	14	16	7
	Whites	65	15	15	5
	Blacks	59	19	12	10
	Latinos	47	10	27	16

"Have those decisions increased or decreased your confidence in the legal system?"

		Increased	Decreased	Made no difference (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	17	43	32	8
	Whites	21	35	36	8
	Blacks	9	70	14	7
	Latinos	8	57	28	7

"Do you agree or disagree that law enforcement applies different standards to whites and blacks? ... And, do you feel that way strongly or not so strongly?"

		Strongly agree	Not so strongly agree	Not so strongly disagree	Strongly disagree	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	36	11	8	36	9
	Whites	28	11	9	42	10
	Blacks	80	2	4	10	5
	Latinos	34	19	5	33	8

"Do you approve or disapprove of President Obama's handling of these grand jury decisions?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	30	46	24
	Whites	27	49	24
	Blacks	35	46	19
	Latinos	36	38	26

Bloomberg Politics Poll conducted by Selzer & Co. Dec. 3-5, 2014. N=1,001 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"Do you think race relations have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same under the first black president?"

		Better	Worse	About the same	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	9	53	36	2
	Whites	7	56	35	2
	Blacks	15	45	36	4

"A grand jury in Ferguson, Missouri, decided not to bring criminal charges against a white police officer in the shooting of an unarmed black teenager last summer. Do you agree or disagree with that decision?"

		Agree	Disagree	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	52	36	12
	Whites	64	25	11
	Blacks	4	89	7

"A grand jury in New York City decided not to bring criminal charges against a white police officer in the choke-hold death of an unarmed black man last summer. The man was being arrested for selling cigarettes illegally and began arguing with police. Do you agree or disagree with that decision?" Per Selzer & Co.: "Question inserted shortly after interviewing had begun; n=911."

		Agree	Disagree	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	25	60	15
	Whites	32	52	16
	Blacks	6	90	4

Public Religion Research Institute. Nov. 25-30, 2014. N=1,011 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.6.

"Please tell me if you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly DISagree or completely disagree with the following statement: Blacks and other minorities receive equal treatment as whites in the criminal justice system."

		Completely agree	Mostly agree	Mostly disagree	Completely disagree	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	11/25-30/14	17	29	30	23	2

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Nov. 25-26 & 28-30, 2014. N=1,011 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"As you may know, a grand jury has decided not to bring criminal charges against a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, over the shooting of an unarmed black teenager last summer. Do you approve or disapprove of the grand jury's decision not to charge the police officer?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	48	45	7
	Whites	58	35	7
	Blacks	9	85	6
	Hispanics	32	61	7

"Would you approve or disapprove of the federal government bringing civil rights charges against the police officer?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	48	47	5
	Whites	38	57	6
	Blacks	85	12	3
	Hispanics	67	29	4

"Do you approve or disapprove of the way the police and other local authorities have handled the protests in Ferguson?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	39	52	9
	Whites	41	48	10
	Blacks	25	70	5
	Hispanics	39	55	6

"Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama has handled this issue?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	39	52	9
	Whites	34	58	8
	Blacks	63	30	7
	Hispanics	41	47	12

CNN/ORC Poll. Nov. 21-23, 2014. N=1,045 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"Now here are a few questions about recent events in Ferguson, Missouri, where a grand jury is deciding whether a police officer named Darren Wilson should be indicted for shooting a black teenager named Michael Brown in August. As you may know, grand juries only decide whether someone should be charged with a crime and put on trial, not whether that person is guilty or not guilty. "Based on what you have read or heard, do you think the grand jury should charge the police officer, Darren Wilson, with murder, or do you think the grand jury should charge him with a lesser crime, or do you think the grand jury should not charge him with any crime at all?"

		Murder	Lesser crime	No crime at all	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	32	25	31	12
	Whites	23	26	38	14
	Non-whites	54	24	15	7

"If the grand jury does not charge Darren Wilson with murder, do you think peaceful protests in Ferguson would be justified or unjustified?"

		Justified	Unjustified	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	63	33	3
	Whites	64	32	4
	Non-whites	63	35	2

"And if the grand jury does not charge Darren Wilson with murder, do you think violent protests in Ferguson would be justified or unjustified?"

		Justified	Unjustified	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	14	85	2
	Whites	10	88	2
	Non-whites	22	77	2

CBS News/New York Times Poll. Aug. 19-20, 2014. N=1,025 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 4.

"How much have you heard or read about the police shooting of Michael Brown and the subsequent unrest in Ferguson, Missouri: a lot, some or not much?"

		A lot	Some	Not much	Nothing at all (vol.)
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	54	27	17	2
	Whites	53	28	18	1
	Blacks	65	19	15	-

"From what you know, in the aftermath of the shooting in Ferguson, do you think the protesters' actions have mostly gone too far, not gone far enough, or been about right?"

		Too far	Not far enough	About right	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	59	7	20	14
	Whites	67	4	15	14
	Blacks	43	11	38	8

"From what you know, in the aftermath of the shooting in Ferguson, do you think the police response to the protests has mostly gone too far, not gone far enough, or been about right?"

		Too far	Not far enough	About right	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	32	15	33	20
	Whites	27	16	36	21
	Blacks	50	14	26	10

"Do you think stationing National Guard troops in Ferguson, Missouri, is making the situation in Ferguson better, making it worse, or not having much effect?"

		Better	Worse	Not having much effect	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	26	20	35	19
	Whites	29	17	35	20
	Blacks	20	38	34	8

"How much confidence do you have that the investigation by local authorities into the shooting of Michael Brown will be conducted fairly: a lot, some, not much or none at all?"

		A lot	Some	Not much	None at all	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	27	29	23	11	11
	Whites	31	31	21	7	10
	Blacks	11	24	32	27	6

"Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the way Barack Obama has responded to the situation in Ferguson?"

		Satisfied	Dissatisfied	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	ALL	41	34	25
	Whites	35	39	25
	Blacks	60	20	21

"Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the way Missouri Governor Jay Nixon has responded to the situation in Ferguson?"

		Satisfied	Dissatisfied	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	ALL	32	34	34
	Whites	34	33	33
	Blacks	24	49	27

Pew Research Center. Aug. 14-17, 2014. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.6.

"As I read a list of some stories covered by news organizations this past week, please tell me if you happened to follow each news story very closely, fairly closely, not too closely, or not at all closely. ... The police shooting of an African American teen and protests in Ferguson, Missouri."

		Very closely	Fairly closely	Not too closely	Not at all closely	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/14-17/14	27	30	18	23	2

"Thinking about the police shooting of an African American teen in Ferguson, Missouri, overall, do you think that this case raises important issues about race that need to be discussed, or do you think the issue of race is getting more attention in this case than it deserves?" Options rotated

		Raises important issues about race	Race getting too much attention	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	ALL	44	40	15
	Whites	37	47	16
	Blacks	80	18	2
	Hispanics	50	25	24
	Republicans	22	61	17
	Independents	40	46	14
	Democrats	68	21	11

"In the aftermath of the police shooting in Ferguson, Missouri, do you think that the police response has gone too far, or do you think the police response has been about right?" Options rotated

		Has gone too far	Has been about right	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	ALL	40	28	31
	Whites	33	32	35
	Blacks	65	20	15

"How much confidence do you have in the investigations of the police shooting in Ferguson, Missouri: a great deal of confidence, a fair amount of confidence, not too much confidence, or no confidence at all?"

		A great deal	A fair amount	Not too much	None at all	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/14-17/14	12	33	24	17	14

CBS News Poll. June 18-22, 2014. N=1,009 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"In general, who do you think has a better chance of getting ahead in today's society -- white people, black people, or do white people and black people have about an equal chance of getting ahead?"

		White people	Black people	About equal	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	6/18-22/14	30	5	61	4
	Whites	28	5	63	4
	Blacks	46	4	46	4

	3/26-30/14	34	5	59	3
	Whites	31	5	61	3
	Blacks	44	4	51	2

	8/7-11/13	32	6	56	6
	Whites	29	7	60	4
	Blacks	50	4	38	8

"Some people say that since the 1960s there has been a lot of real progress in getting rid of racial discrimination against blacks. Others say that there hasn't been much real progress for blacks over that time. Which do you agree with more? Would you say there's been a lot of real progress getting rid of racial discrimination or hasn't there been much real progress?"

		A lot of real progress	Hasn't been much real progress	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	6/18-22/14	78	19	2
	Whites	82	16	2
	Blacks	59	38	2

	3/26-30/14	79	20	2
	Whites	81	18	1
	Blacks	68	31	1

	8/7-11/13	73	20	7
	Whites	78	17	5
	Blacks	55	39	6

"How much discrimination do you think there is against African Americans in our society today: a lot, some, only a little, or none at all?"

		A lot	Some	Only a little	None at all	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/18-22/14	17	49	27	5	2
	Whites	14	51	28	5	1
	Blacks	41	47	9	1	3

	8/7-11/13	19	49	22	7	4
	Whites	15	52	23	8	4
	Blacks	40	40	14	1	5

"The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Do you consider passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to be a very important event in U.S. history, somewhat important, not very important, or not at all important?"

		Very important	Somewhat important	Not very important	Not at all important	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/18-22/14	76	19	3	2	1
	Whites	77	18	3	2	1
	Blacks	73	23	1	-	3

	3/26-30/14	78	17	2	2	1
	Whites	77	18	1	2	1
	Blacks	79	17	2	2	-

"Thinking about the goals of Martin Luther King and the 1960s civil rights movement, do you think that all of their goals have been achieved, most have been achieved, only some have been achieved, or almost none of their goals have been achieved?"

		All	Most	Only some	Almost none	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	6/18-22/14	5	38	52	2	3
	Whites	4	39	52	2	3
	Blacks	3	29	63	3	2

	8/7-11/13	4	31	55	3	7
	Whites	4	32	55	3	7
	Blacks	5	27	62	4	2

CNN/ORC Poll. May 2-4 & May 29-June 1, 2014. N=2,011 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.5.

"In general, do you think race relations in the United States are very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad?"

		Very good	Fairly good	Fairly bad	Very bad	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	8	57	23	12	-
	Whites	8	59	23	9	1
	Blacks	9	45	25	21	-

CNN/ORC Poll. May 2-4, 2014. N=1,008 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"As you may know, the commissioner of the NBA has fined Donald Sterling, the owner of the Los Angeles Clippers, and banned him from any contact with that team in response to a recording of comments that Sterling made about blacks. Do you think the other NBA owners should force Donald Sterling to sell the Los Angeles Clippers, or don't you think so?"

		Should force him to sell	Don't think so	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	47	50	3
	Whites	42	55	3
	Non-whites	61	38	1
	Democrats	63	36	1
	Independents	42	54	4
	Republicans	37	59	3

CBS News/New York Times Poll. April 30-May 1, 2014. N=1,054 adults nationwide. Per CBS: "Additional interviews were conducted with African Americans, who had previously completed a survey as part of a random sample, to yield a sample size of 275. 660 whites were interviewed. The African American and non-African American samples were weighted separately to match their group's population characteristics such as gender, age, education, region, marital status and phone use based on recent U.S. Census estimates. The samples were then combined and weighted to the total U.S. adult population. The error due to sampling for results based on the entire sample could be plus or minus three percentage points. ... The margin of error for the sample of whites is 5 pts and 8 pts for African Americans."

"It was recently revealed that Donald Sterling, owner of the basketball team the Los Angeles Clippers, made controversial remarks about African Americans. How much have you heard or read about this incident: a lot, some, or not much?"

		A lot	Some	Not much	Nothing (vol.)
		%	%	%	%
	4/30 - 5/1/14	51	24	21	3
	Whites	50	25	21	3
	Blacks	55	21	21	2

"In response to Donald Sterling's controversial remarks about African Americans, the National Basketball Association, or NBA, has fined him $2.5 million and banned him for life from attending games and participating in NBA activities. Do you think this punishment is too lenient, too hard, or is this punishment about right?"

		Too lenient	Too hard	About right	No punishment (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%	%
	4/30 - 5/1/14	9	25	55	2	10
	Whites	8	28	52	1	11
	Blacks	12	14	71	-	3

"Should Donald Sterling be forced to sell the Los Angeles Clippers, or not?"

		Should	Should not	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	4/30 - 5/1/14	49	40	12
	Whites	43	44	13
	Blacks	71	21	8

"In general, do you think the attitudes about African Americans expressed by Donald Sterling are widespread among team owners in professional sports or don't you think those attitudes are widespread?"

		Widespread	Not widespread	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	4/30 - 5/1/14	25	56	19
	Whites	17	63	19
	Blacks	54	33	13

"Donald Sterling made his controversial remarks about African Americans in a private conversation that was recorded and later made public. Do you think it is acceptable for Donald Sterling to be punished for these remarks he made in a private conversation, or not acceptable?"

		Acceptable	Not acceptable	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	4/30 - 5/1/14	42	50	8
	Whites	39	53	8
	Blacks	60	36	3

CBS News Poll. March 26-30, 2014. N=1,017 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"Do you think there will always be a lot of racial prejudice and discrimination in America, or is there real hope of ending it in the long run?"

		Will always be a lot	Real hope of ending it	None now (vol.)	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	3/26-30/14	46	52	-	1
	Whites	44	54	-	2
	Blacks	61	39	-	-

	8/7-11/13	42	52	1	5
	Whites	41	54	1	5
	Blacks	54	39	-	6

"Overall, do you think passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 was mostly good for the country, or mostly bad for the country, or don't you think it made much difference?"

		Mostly good	Mostly bad	Not much difference	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	3/26-30/14	81	1	16	2
	Whites	83	1	14	2
	Blacks	78	-	20	2

"Overall, do you think passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 made things better for blacks in this country, worse for blacks in this country, or don't you think it made a difference?"

		Better	Worse	No difference	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	3/26-30/14	84	2	11	3
	Whites	84	2	11	3
	Blacks	83	2	12	2

CBS News Poll. Aug. 7-11, 2013. N=1,006 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"In general, do you think the criminal justice system in the United States is biased in favor of blacks, or is it biased against blacks, or does it generally give blacks fair treatment?"

		Biased in favor	Biased against	Generally fair	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	5	35	43	17
	Whites	5	30	48	17
	Blacks	8	61	19	12

"Was there ever a specific instance when you felt discriminated against because of your race?"

		Yes	No	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	ALL	36	62	2
	Whites	29	69	2
	Blacks	62	37	-

"Do you approve or disapprove of marriage between blacks and whites?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%
	ALL	82	10	8
	Whites	80	11	8
	Blacks	88	7	5

"Overall, do you think Martin Luther King Jr. made things better for blacks in this country, made things worse, or don't you think he made a difference?"

		Better	Worse	Didn't make a difference	Unsure/ No answer
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	85	1	7	6
	Whites	86	2	7	6
	Blacks	89	1	6	3

Pew Research Center. Aug. 1-11, 2013. N=2,231 adults nationwide (margin of error ą 2.5), including 1,471 non-Hispanic whites, 376 non-Hispanic blacks, 218 Hispanics.

"All in all, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with your community as a place to live in?"

		Satisfied	Dissatisfied	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	ALL	89	9	1
	Whites	92	7	1
	Blacks	82	16	2
	Hispanics	88	11	2

"As you may know, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his 'I Have a Dream Speech' at a civil rights march in Washington almost 50 years ago. ... Overall, how much progress toward Martin Luther King's dream of racial equality do you think the U.S. has made over the last 50 years: a lot, some, a little, or none at all?" Options rotated

		A lot	Some	A little	None at all	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	45	36	12	4	3
	Whites	48	38	9	2	3
	Blacks	32	39	22	5	1
	Hispanics	43	28	17	6	6

"And how much more needs to be done in order to achieve Martin Luther King's dream of racial equality: a lot, some, a little, or none at all?" Options rotated

		A lot	Some	A little	None at all	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	49	31	10	6	4
	Whites	44	35	10	7	4
	Blacks	79	12	7	1	1
	Hispanics	48	29	11	4	8

"Now I have some questions about how some groups in our society get along In general, how well do you think [see below] get along with each other these days? Would you say very well, pretty well, not too well, or not at all well? ... What about how well [see below] get along?"

		Very well	Pretty well	Not too well	Not at all well	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	"Whites and Hispanics"
	ALL	13	61	18	2	6
	Whites	12	64	16	2	5
	Blacks	13	51	22	2	12
	Hispanics	18	55	20	3	3

	"Blacks and Hispanics"
	ALL	10	44	25	5	16
	Whites	6	42	25	4	22
	Blacks	22	56	18	1	4
	Hispanics	16	44	30	7	3

	"Blacks and whites"
	ALL	13	63	17	3	4
	Whites	12	69	14	2	4
	Blacks	16	57	23	2	2
	Hispanics	12	48	27	8	5

"All in all, compared with five years ago, do you think the situation of black people in this country today is better, worse, or about the same?"

		Better	Worse	About the same	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	35	12	49	4
	Whites	35	12	49	3
	Blacks	26	21	51	3
	Hispanics	37	8	50	5

"Now thinking about the financial situation of blacks compared with whites TODAY, would you say the average black person is better off, worse off or just about as well off as the average white person in terms of income and overall financial situation?"

		Better off	Worse off	Just about as well off	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	10	41	41	8
	Whites	10	39	43	8
	Blacks	9	59	27	4
	Hispanics	12	36	44	8

"Just your impression, are blacks in your community treated less fairly than whites in the following situations? First, [see below]? ... What about [see below]?"

		Yes, less fairly	No, not less fairly	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	"On the job or at work"
	ALL	25	64	11
	Whites	16	72	12
	Blacks	54	38	8
	Hispanics	40	50	9

	"In stores or restaurants"
	ALL	23	70	7
	Whites	16	77	7
	Blacks	44	48	8
	Hispanics	35	58	7

	"In getting health care from doctors and hospitals"
	ALL	21	63	15
	Whites	14	69	17
	Blacks	47	48	6
	Hispanics	36	49	15

	"In dealing with the police"
	ALL	44	45	11
	Whites	37	51	13
	Blacks	70	25	5
	Hispanics	51	37	11

	"In the courts"
	ALL	35	49	16
	Whites	27	56	16
	Blacks	68	25	7
	Hispanics	40	39	21

	"In local public schools"
	ALL	22	66	12
	Whites	15	73	12
	Blacks	51	37	12
	Hispanics	32	56	11

	"When voting in elections"
	ALL	20	69	11
	Whites	13	77	10
	Blacks	48	47	5
	Hispanics	30	52	18

"During the past 12 months, have you personally experienced discrimination or been treated unfairly because of your race or ethnic background, or not?"

		Yes, have	No, have not	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	ALL	16	84	1
	Whites	10	90	-
	Blacks	35	64	2
	Hispanics	20	80	-

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Bill McInturff (R). July 17-21, 2013. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"In general, do you think race relations in the United States are very good, fairly good, fairly bad, or very bad?"

		Very good	Fairly good	Fairly bad	Very bad	Mixed (vol.)/ Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	4	48	28	16	4
	Whites	3	49	32	13	3
	Blacks	6	32	25	33	4
	Hispanics	3	57	22	13	5

"Please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statement: America is a nation where people are not judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."

		Strongly agree	Somewhat agree	Somewhat disagree	Strongly disagree	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	ALL	20	34	23	22	1
	Whites	21	38	24	16	1
	Blacks	9	10	25	54	2
	Hispanics	26	28	24	20	2

Quinnipiac University. June 28-July 8, 2013. N=2,014 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ą 2.2.

"Do you think public universities should be allowed to use race as one of the factors in admissions to increase diversity in the student body or not?"

		Should be allowed	Should not be allowed	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/28 - 7/8/13	21	74	5

Pew Research Center. June 27-30, 2013. N=1,003 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.7.

"From what you've read and heard about the Supreme Court's decision on the Voting Rights Act, would you say you strongly approve, approve, disapprove, or strongly disapprove of their decision?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	6/27-30/13	33	25	43

"Did the Supreme Court's decision on the Voting Rights Act keep the law in effect as it has been, or overturn parts of the law?" Options rotated

		Keep law in effect as it has been	Overturn parts of the law	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	6/27-30/13	23	34	43

USA Today Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International. June 27-30, 2013. N=1,003 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.6.

"Let me read you two brief statements on affirmative action programs, and see which one comes closer to your point of view. Affirmative action programs are still needed to counteract the effects of discrimination against minorities, and are a good idea as long as there are no rigid quotas. OR, Affirmative action programs have gone too far in favoring minorities, and should be phased out because they unfairly discriminate against whites." Options rotated

		Still needed	Should be phased out	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	6/27-30/13	53	37	10

"Now I would like to ask you a few more questions about two rulings made by the Supreme Court this week. As you may know, the Supreme Court struck down a part of the Voting Rights Act that required nine states, mostly in the South, to have federal approval for any changes to their election laws. Because of this week's ruling, those nine states can now change their election laws without prior federal approval. Do you favor or oppose the Supreme Court's ruling in this case?"

		Favor	Oppose	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%
	6/27-30/13	40	49	11

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. June 26-30, 2013. N=1,005 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision striking down a key part of the federal law overseeing voting rights for minorities?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/26-30/13	33	51	15

CNN/ORC Poll. June 11-13, 2013. N=1,014 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.

"Do you approve or disapprove of affirmative action admissions programs at colleges and law schools that give racial preferences to minority applicants?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/11-13/13	29	68	3

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. June 5-9, 2013. N=1,007 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"Overall, do you support or oppose allowing universities to consider applicants' race as a factor in deciding which students to admit?"

		Support	Oppose	Unsure
		%	%	%
	6/5-9/13	22	76	2

NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Bill McInturff (R). May 30-June 2, 2013. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"Now let me read you two brief statements on affirmative action programs, and ask which one comes closer to your own point of view. Affirmative action programs are still needed to counteract the effects of discrimination against minorities, and are a good idea as long as there are no rigid quotas. OR, Affirmative action programs have gone too far in favoring minorities, and should be ended because they unfairly discriminate against whites." Options rotated

		Still needed	Should be ended	Unsure
		%	%	%
	5/30 - 6/2/13	45	45	10
	1/10-14/10	49	43	8
	6/12-15/09	63	28	9
	1/19-21/03	49	43	8
	3/00	54	37	9
	9/95	50	43	7
	3/95	52	40	8

Public Religion Research Institute. May 15-19, 2013. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.1.

"In order to make up for past discrimination, do you favor or oppose programs which make special efforts to help blacks and other minorities get ahead?"

		Favor	Oppose	Other (vol.)	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	5/15-19/13	68	24	2	6

"Thinking specifically about college admissions, do you think blacks and other minorities should receive preference in college admissions to make up for past inequalities, or not?"

		Should	Should not	Other (vol.)	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	5/15-19/13	29	64	1	6

"Do you think you were helped or hurt in the college admissions process because of your race or ethnicity, or do you think it did not make a difference?"

		Helped	Hurt	No difference	Not applicable (vol.)	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%	%
	5/15-19/13	6	7	80	4	3

"All in all, do you think you have been helped or hurt in your job or career because of your race or ethnicity, or do you think it has not made a difference?"

		Helped	Hurt	No difference	Unsure/ Refused
		%	%	%	%
	5/15-19/13	7	11	80	1

CNN/ORC Poll. Jan. 14-15, 2013. N=814 adults nationwide. Margin of error ą 3.5.

"Martin Luther King gave his famous 'I Have a Dream Speech' at a civil rights march in Washington in 1963. In your view, do you think the U.S. has fulfilled the vision King outlined in that speech, or don't you think so?"

		Has fulfilled	Don't think so	Unfamiliar with speech (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	1/14-15/13	50	47	1	2
	Whites	51	46	1	2
	Non-whites	49	50	-	-

	1/14-16/11	48	49	1	2
	12/16-20/09	51	47	1	1
	1/12-15/09	49	49	1	-
	3/26 - 4/2/08	34	59	4	3

"Martin Luther King gave his famous 'I Have a Dream Speech' at a civil rights march in Washington in 1963. In your view, do you think the U.S. has fulfilled the vision King outlined in that speech, or don't you think so?" If hasn't fulfilled King's vision: "Do you think the U.S. can eventually fulfill the vision in King's speech, or don't you think so?" Combined responses

		Has fulfilled	Hasn't yet, but can fulfill	Hasn't yet, cannot fulfill	Unfamiliar with speech (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	1/14-15/13	50	27	22	1	-
	Whites	51	25	23	1	-
	Non-whites	49	31	19	-	-

	1/14-16/11	48	26	23	1	1
	12/16-20/09	51	31	17	1	-
	1/12-15/09	49	33	16	1	-
	3/26 - 4/2/08	34	41	19	4	2

USA Today/Gallup Poll. Aug. 4-7, 2011. N=1,319 adults nationwide (margin of error ą 4), including, with an oversample, 796 non-Hispanic whites (margin of error ą 5) and 376 non-Hispanic blacks (margin of error ą 6).

"Do you think that relations between blacks and whites will always be a problem for the United States, or that a solution will eventually be worked out?"

		Always a problem	Eventually worked out	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	46	52	2
	Blacks	55	42	2
	Whites	44	54	2

	10/16-19/09	40	56	4
	6/5 - 7/6/08	38	58	3
	5/1-3/08	42	54	4
	6/4-24/07	43	54	4
	6/8-25/06	42	54	4
	6/6-25/05	46	50	4
	6/9-30/04	45	51	4

"How much of a role, if any, do you think the government should have in trying to improve the social and economic position of blacks and other minority groups in this country: a major role, a minor role, or no role at all?"

		Major role	Minor role	No role	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	27	46	26	1
	Blacks	59	32	8	1
	Whites	19	50	30	1

	6/6-25/05	37	44	17	2
	6/9-30/04	40	45	14	1

"Thinking back over your lifetime, how do you feel civil rights for blacks have changed in this country? Would you say the situation has greatly improved, somewhat improved, stayed pretty much the same, somewhat worsened, or greatly worsened?"

		Greatly improved	Somewhat improved	Pretty much the same	Somewhat worsened	Greatly worsened
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	50	39	8	1	2
	Blacks	29	56	9	4	2
	Whites	53	37	8	1	1

"Do you think new civil rights laws are needed to reduce discrimination against blacks, or not?"

		Are needed	Are not needed	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	21	76	2
	Blacks	52	48	1
	Whites	15	83	3

"Do you approve or disapprove of marriage between blacks and whites?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	86	11	3
	Blacks	96	2	2
	Whites	83	14	3

	9/7-8/07	79	15	6
	6/4-24/07	77	17	6
	9/18-20/94	48	37	15
	4/29 - 5/2/83	43	50	7

	For comparison: "Do you approve or disapprove of marriage between whites and non-whites?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	7/21-24/78	36	54	10
	10/13-16/72	29	60	11
	6/26 - 7/1/68	20	73	8

	For comparison: "Do you approve or disapprove of marriage between white and colored people?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	9/24-29/58	4	94	3

"How do you view Barack Obama's election as president in terms of progress for blacks in the United States -- as the most important advance for blacks in the past one hundred years; as one of the two or three most important advances for blacks in the past one hundred years, but not the most important; important, but not among the most important advances; or not that important?"

		Most important	One of most important	Important, but not among most important	Not that important	Unsure
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	15	27	30	26	3
	Blacks	34	31	23	9	3
	Whites	10	27	32	29	2

	10/16-19/09	20	38	24	16	2
	11/5/08	33	38	15	10	4

"As a result of Barack Obama's election, do you think race relations in this country have gotten a lot better, gotten a little better, not changed, gotten a little worse, or gotten a lot worse?"

		A lot better	A little better	Not changed	A little worse	A lot worse
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	7	28	41	16	7
	Blacks	14	34	27	16	8
	Whites	6	25	45	16	6

"In the years ahead, as a result of Barack Obama's presidency, do you think race relations in this country will get a lot better, get a little better, not change, get a little worse, or get a lot worse in the long term?"

		A lot better	A little better	Not change	A little worse	A lot worse
		%	%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	12	40	35	8	3
	Blacks	24	40	21	10	4
	Whites	9	39	39	7	3

	10/16-19/09	15	46	25	7	6

"Next we have a question about a president's policies to help improve the standard of living of blacks in the United States. Do you think the policies of Barack Obama will go too far, will be about right, or will not go far enough in promoting efforts to aid the black community?"

		Go too far	Be about right	Not go far enough	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	25	43	23	10
	Blacks	5	47	43	5
	Whites	29	42	18	12

"Thinking back to Dr. Martin Luther King and his dream of racial equality, do you think that dream has now been realized in the United States, or not?"

		Has been	Has not
		%	%
	8/4-7/11	51	49
	Blacks	54	45
	Whites	49	51

"Thinking back to Dr. Martin Luther King and his dream of racial equality, do you think that dream has now been realized in the United States, or not?" If has not been realized: "Do you think the United States has made major progress toward realizing that dream, minor progress, or no progress at all?" Combined responses

		Has been	Has not: Major progress	Has not: Minor progress	Has not: No progress at all
		%	%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	51	23	23	3
	Blacks	54	13	28	4
	Whites	49	26	23	2

"As you may know, a memorial to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., is being opened in Washington, D.C., this month. Do you approve or disapprove of having a memorial to Martin Luther King there?"

		Approve	Disapprove	Unsure
		%	%	%
	8/4-7/11	91	5	4
	Blacks	99	1	-
	Whites	89	6	4

Washington Post Poll. July 28-31, 2011 (N=1,001) and Aug. 4-7, 2011 (N=88), for a combined sample of 1,089 adults nationwide (margin of error ą 3.5), including 743 non-Hispanic whites (margin of error ą 4), and 187 blacks (margin of error ą 8).

"Martin Luther King gave his famous 'I Have a Dream Speech' at a civil rights march in Washington in 1963. In your view, do you think the United States has fulfilled the vision King outlined in that speech, or don't you think so?"

		Has	Has not	Unfamiliar with speech (vol.)	Unsure
		%	%	%	%
	ALL	34	55	1	10
	Blacks	36	56	-	7
	Whites	30	57	2	11

	If has not been fulfilled: "Do you think the United States can eventually fulfill the vision in Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream' speech, or don't you think so?"

		Can	Cannot	Unsure
		%	%	%
	ALL	52	39	9
	Blacks	48	46	6
	Whites	52	38	10

Race and ethnicity continued

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